Speaker: Yeah well a lot of them's from around here, in Ottawa. Interviewer: None from ah- from Toronto or- Speaker: Yes, there's- Interviewer: That's recent though I-think. Speaker: And take it- fr-- from down across the line here. They're over here, tourists in the summertime all up to that country. We cross here in the fall hunting. Way up through the- Interviewer: What- what do you mean across the line? Speaker: Ah in the States. ... With moose hunters an awful lot of us come over moose-hunting. Interviewer: Mm. What state are they- ? Speaker: W-- well it's states just along the border. New-York-State and down across.

I- I was born here in a house just across the way.

You could make a buggy out of it if you wanted, but there just to- you could go to town take it just to town or-anything-like-that, in the light- light affair like you-know? Say if you were only taking ah say four or five bags of grist to town to get it ground.

Ah, it was an iron affair. Well, in fact there was a- the very first there was- was a sheet of pins roll down through a wooden- ah, wood. And, ah, made- but the- the drag harrow, it had teeth on both- that'd be six inches long.

... he would cut the hay with the old mowing machine and uh, then he would leave it until he figured it was dry enough. Then he would um, get my mother, we had what we called a rake. It took just one horse and it was a rather crude affair and it was uh- you sat on the seat, the seat uh, was more-or-less ex-- sort-of extended at the top of it and mid-air as it were and you had a big long lever here which raised or let down the- the rake-

Interviewer: How did you make toast? Speaker: Oh, a kind of a wire screening affair that you put over the- lifted the lid of the stove, and if the wood had burnt down to coals, it'd make good toast.

... the hames were attached to the- to the traces that hitched to the buggy. And then there was the back pad- but I don't know what that's called around. And then um- the tray- ah, no there was ah- another affair attached to the shafts, too. Interviewer: Mm-hm. Something that went around the horse's hindquarters?

... a lot of the musicians today, you-know, the money they get today is terrific. ... Why, we go out maybe- when we had the orchestra and getting ten- if we got fifteen dollars- you get five dollars, ten dollars, it was a big affair. You might get fifteen. But today, they get fifty or more.

Speaker: Then they'd uh- two alligators th-- the- Interviewer: What was an alligator? Speaker: It was a small- smaller boat.

Interviewer: Mm-hm. What kind of tools would be on a farm to do the kinds of jobs a farmer needed to do? Speaker: Mm, wire-pinchers, saws, handsaws, bucksaws, they got, and then- now there's swede-saws, I think, and cross-cut saws, and um, what else? Augers for digging po-- post holes for fencing. And um wire-stretchers and um-

Cleaning up, they put whatever they want- put a box on it, and they could clean up around the yard in the spring, any extra things were lying around. Or put in fencing material, and they'd go fencing. The auger for boring the post-holes, the s-- wire, a stretch of the wire itself. The hammers and everything-like-that.

To town? Oh, I think I can remember the first, ah, buggy they, ah- I was at, ah, my father's place. There was very high wheels, the thing was way up high, ah, great time for a big wheel. Of course, they were all going r-- over something awfully rough. You needed a big wheel.

Interviewer: Mm-hm. Ah do you know the names of- the name of any of the other pieces of the- of the harness? Speaker: Harness- there was a collar, and um- and ah, hames, the hames were attached to the- to the traces that hitched to the buggy. And then there was the back pad- but I don't know what that's called around. And then um- the tray- ah, no there was ah- another affair attached to the shafts, too.

Speaker: Oh, no, we- we had a back kitchen. Yes. Speaker: If you know what that is. Right next to the back kitchen we had- You had- Speaker: All summer but we moved when winter came.

Mm-hm. Um, you used to- you had to move your stove out to the- the back kitchen for the summer then? Speaker: No, we had- we had a stove in both places. Did you? Speaker: Mm-hm. Now these- Speaker: We had a stove out in the back kitchen to cook in.

Speaker: We depended on using the first part of the house and then, ah, for- we had the back kitchen. Mm-hm. Speaker: And the back kitchen is where I liked to spend all my time.

Interviewer: What did they call that? Speaker: That's the summer-kitchen and the back-kitchen. Yeah. And then some people had a house outside too, and they called it the milkhouse. And it was made of stone and they used to keep their milk and butter and-stuff in there.

But th-- I use the one at the back door here, where I built that veranda. There was a- a summer-kitchen or a back-kitchen, and then you went out and went down a few steps and the roof went ahead out you-see.

Speaker: She never hit me! It was the- the- s-- scolding and barging. Gets on your nerves. And you'd rather be- ah, well, you wouldn't be as feared if a man was coming with a knife to cut your throat, and you knew it. Interviewer: Scolding and w-- and what? Speaker: If someone was coming to cut your throat- Interviewer: Yeah. But you said she was scolding and- and what? Barging? Speaker: Yes. Interviewer: What- Speaker: Barging- they could hear her half a- a mile away from the school. Interviewer: What- what does that mean, barging? Speaker: Well, just t-- r-- m-- nothing. Calling you a whole lot of names or something. Interviewer: And you call that what? Ba-- barging? Speaker: Barraging, yes. Interviewer: Barging. I don't know, I've heard- Speaker: Shouting.

Interviewer: Mm-hm. Um how did you make your butter? Speaker: We churned it. We had a barrel-churn, and ah we churned it.