The first schoolteacher was a man. And he was an old man. And he didn't- he came from some place down below Ottawa. He was quite an old man. He had grey hair, I remember that. But we all liked him very much.

You-see cream would come to the top. And then they took that c-- cream out and left it someplace so that it would get enough sour to churn. And then they would put it in its churn. And this churn was kind-of a- a ball. Oh it was ah about that high, you-know.

Interviewer: They wouldn't be tied up on the street, no? Speaker: No, no, no. No, there would assured be a shed some place, you-know, to- ... Put it in.

... we just had- now there are exams every month, ain't they? ... Know we'd only have exam at Easter and Christmas and holidays, and- then you got through to the senior fourth you tried your entrance examination. You had to go to Richmond or Ashton or some place to try it and be (inc, 3 syllables)

They used to- well they never had any undertaking parlour at Richmond. Like that- it was mostly Carleton-Place near (inc) or some place else.

You figure he'd be working some place I'd say.

... he was the undertaker down there. So he had to get, ah- his team was away on the road working, so he had to go and get the team in, and come back in, and then he was to- he had it in French there that he was to get me someplace to get me dinner before he'd take me out in the car to the graveyard. It was six miles, do-you-see, ah, still to go.

I drove through- we drove through Ottawa, and, ah, someplace else.

... they had the machine in here they hooked around the stump and they had the horse- put horses on 'em. And pull that stump right out of the ground. ... And if they didn't have to take the wheels off, they just drove someplace and put the (inc) in the pile.

Interviewer: Um now where would the ah- where would the cows g-- go out to ah to graze? Speaker: Well, it was around- they had to have ah- it was a field someplace, you-know. Fenced. We could turn them out in the daytime, bring them in.

A toboggan. We just had hand sleighs. Homemade sleigh you-know and- ... We'd go someplace there was a hill and we sliding down (laughs). Then they got the toboggans.

Interviewer: You'd never go to Ottawa for anything? Speaker: Well, a lot of serious cases were to the city. ... Some of them was going to the new one now, new hospital or someplace.

And my grandfather Arkwright, he was (coughs)- he was travelling some place in parish Dyke when this girl was out getting some water and he stopped to- to get a drink and to water his horse and that's where he met my grandmother.

Well they just go down with like the flies and what, I don't know. ... I think they just crawl in some place and- 'course a lot of them all die.

... they would have to take them to the end of a lake someplace where they could put them into a creek or a river- ... Where the water was moving.

And uh, years ago you never heard of that unless the cattle wandered under a tree someplace, they were struck with lightening.

Interviewer: What happened to the ashes? Speaker: Well, we would have a- a place, possibly behind a building someplace where they weren't seen where we disposed of the ashes.

... well the horses pretty well went themselves, you just uh, put the reins onto the uh, um, wagon someplace and uh, mother would- would drive, plus when my father would put the hay onto the wagon, mother would tramp it down to see that she could- and place it-

Oh yeah, it- well- some place where the other hens wouldn't crowd them off. You closed up- we closed the nest up, partly, so that the others hens couldn't get in. And then you'd have to, um, let them out once a day, to feed and eat, exercise.

Interviewer: Where would these birds nest? Speaker: The swallows under the eaves of the barn, the sparrows ah, well, any place they- around the buildings, someplace. But the swallows- we liked them, but the sparrows were not maybe always so clean.